This journal adopts an Open Access policy, allowing all published articles to be freely accessible to readers worldwide. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, link to the full text of articles, store, index, transmit data to software, or use the articles for any lawful purpose without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inherent in accessing the internet.

Publication Ethics Statement

This Publication Ethics Statement is prepared with reference to Regulation of the Head of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) No. 5 of 2014 concerning the Code of Ethics for Scientific Publication, as well as internationally recognized principles of publication ethics. All parties involved in the publication process—including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher—are expected to uphold the highest standards of ethical publishing.

The publication ethics of this journal are based on the following principles:

• Morality – demonstrating ethical and responsible conduct in the preparation and publication of scientific manuscripts.
• Scientific Integrity – upholding scientific principles, validity, and honesty without compromising academic values for any personal or institutional interests.
• Neutrality – ensuring that editorial decisions and publication processes are free from conflicts of interest.
• Fairness – recognizing and assigning authorship only to individuals who have made significant scholarly contributions.
• Honesty – ensuring that all published works are free from duplication, fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (DFFP).